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\title{Beyond the Threshold: Interference-Aware \\ Low Power Listening for Energy-Efficient\\ Wireless Sensor Networks}
%
%\author{\IEEEauthorblockN{Michael Shell}
%\IEEEauthorblockA{School of Electrical and\\Computer Engineering\\
%Georgia Institute of Technology\\
%Atlanta, Georgia 30332--0250\\
%Email: http://www.michaelshell.org/contact.html}
%\and
%\IEEEauthorblockN{Homer Simpson}
%\IEEEauthorblockA{Twentieth Century Fox\\
%Springfield, USA\\
%Email: homer@thesimpsons.com}
%\and
%\IEEEauthorblockN{James Kirk\\ and Montgomery Scott}
%\IEEEauthorblockA{Starfleet Academy\\
%San Francisco, California 96678-2391\\
%Telephone: (800) 555--1212\\
%Fax: (888) 555--1212}}
\maketitle


\begin{abstract}
%\boldmath
Low Power Listening (LPL) is known to be a key MAC-layer technique for saving energy of wireless sensor networks.
Nodes in LPL periodically wake up to sense the channel for detecting on-going transmissions.
However, under noisy environments, due to the numerous wireless technologies operated in unlicensed 2.4GHz ISM band, LPL is less energy efficient if it encounters the false wakeup problem when interference is detected as active channel activities.
It has been shown that false wakeup problem can significantly increase node's duty cycle, compromising the benefit of LPL.
We also find that the energy-level threshold used by Clear Channel Assessment (CCA) to detect the activity of channel is not sufficient to overcome the false wakeup problem even the optimal threshold is always achieved.
We then design IALPL, an Interference-Aware LPL protocol which can distinguish ZigBee signal from the mixed signals to help LPL keep energy-efficient by waking up nodes accurately.
Beyond the threshold, IALPL determines the types of on-going transmissions by analyzing the characteristics of the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and only wakes node when the on-going transmission contains ZigBee signal.
Experiments in both controlled tests and real-world environments showed that IALPL can effectively distinguish ZigBee signal and mitigate the false wakeup problem, while retaining other performance.
\end{abstract}

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